Parachute Adams fly pattern — close-up detail
Dry Fly

Parachute Adams

The most versatile dry fly ever created. The Parachute Adams imitates a wide range of mayflies and serves as an effective searching pattern when no specific hatch is occurring. The white parachute post makes it easy to track on the water. Originally tied with conventional upright wings, the parachute version wraps the hackle horizontally around the post, allowing the fly to land flush on the surface with a more realistic silhouette. This low-riding profile is why many experienced anglers prefer it over the standard Adams. The mixed brown and grizzly hackle suggests the mottled coloring of countless mayfly species, from tiny Baetis to larger Callibaetis. On Montana waters, the Parachute Adams is the quintessential searching pattern. When you arrive at the river and nothing is hatching, tie on a Parachute Adams in size #14 or #16 and start prospecting. During active hatches, sizing down to match the naturals makes this fly deadly. It works on every Montana river from the riffles of the Madison to the spring creek-like waters of the Missouri below Holter Dam.

Pattern Details

Type
Dry Fly
Seasons
spring, summer, fall
Hook Sizes
#12-22
Hook Type
Standard dry fly hook
Tying Difficulty
Intermediate
Imitates
Mayfly adults (Baetis, Callibaetis, PMDs, March Browns, and general mayfly profile)

Recipe & Materials

Hook
TMC 100, sizes 12-22Shop
Thread
8/0 gray
Tail
Brown and grizzly hackle fibers, mixed
Body
Adams gray dubbing (muskrat or synthetic)
Wing/Post
White calf body hair, posted
Hackle
Brown and grizzly, parachute styleShop

Some links may earn a commission. Learn more

Technique & Presentation

Fish the Parachute Adams on a dead drift with a drag-free presentation. Use a reach cast or mend upstream to extend the drift, especially on complex currents. The white post is a significant advantage in low-light conditions and on broken water where visibility is challenging.

During a hatch, match the size of the naturals and present the fly in the feeding lane of a rising trout. When prospecting, focus on seams, foam lines, and the heads and tails of pools. A light application of floatant to the hackle and post keeps the fly riding high, but avoid getting floatant on the body so it sits naturally in the surface film.

As an attractor or searching pattern, try sizes #14-16 on a 5X tippet. When matching specific hatches, drop down to the appropriate size and lengthen your tippet to 6X or 7X for pressured fish. The Parachute Adams excels in a dry-dropper rig with a small bead head nymph trailing 18 inches below.

History & Origin

The original Adams was created in 1922 by Leonard Halladay for his friend Charles Adams, who fished it on the Boardman River in Michigan. It quickly became the most popular dry fly in America. The parachute variation emerged in the mid-20th century as anglers recognized that the horizontal hackle provided a more natural silhouette and better visibility.

The parachute style of hackling was popularized in part by Vince Marinaro and other limestone creek anglers in Pennsylvania during the 1950s and 1960s. Applying the technique to the Adams created what many consider the single greatest improvement to an already legendary pattern. Today, if you ask any Montana fly shop to name one fly you should never be without, the Parachute Adams is the answer.

Where to Fish This Fly

Madison River

Southwest Montana

Essential during PMD hatches

Recommendedsummer

Yellowstone River

South Central Montana

Works everywhere on the Yellowstone

Recommendedsummer

Gallatin River

Southwest Montana

Always works in the canyon

Recommendedsummer

Missouri River

Central Montana

During any mayfly hatch

Recommendedsummer

Bighorn River

Southeast Montana

During summer mayfly hatches

Recommendedsummer

Arkansas River

Upper Arkansas Valley / Central Mountains

Universal mayfly imitation, covers BWO and PMD hatches

Recommendedsummer

Colorado River

Grand County / Northern Mountains

Universal mayfly pattern, effective during PMD and BWO hatches

Recommendedsummer

Frying Pan River

Roaring Fork Valley / Central Mountains

During Green Drake and PMD hatches, rare chance at bigger dries

Recommendedsummer

Gunnison River

Western Slope / Black Canyon Country

Universal mayfly dry, covers PMD and BWO hatches

Recommendedsummer

South Platte River

Front Range / South Park

Versatile mayfly imitation for Baetis and PMD hatches

Recommendedsummer

North Platte River

Central Wyoming

Universal mayfly imitation covering BWOs, PMDs, and Tricos

Recommendedsummer

Snake River

Northwest Wyoming / Jackson Hole

Universal mayfly; covers Grey Drakes, PMDs, and BWOs

Recommendedsummer

Green River

Southwest Wyoming

Covers PMD, BWO, and Trico hatches on the Seedskadee

Recommendedsummer

Bighorn River (Wyoming)

North Central Wyoming

Universal mayfly covering BWO, PMD, and Trico hatches

Recommendedsummer

New Fork River

Western Wyoming / Wind River Range

Grey Drake and PMD imitation; the top New Fork dry fly

Recommendedsummer

Henry's Fork

Eastern Idaho

Universal mayfly covering Green Drakes, PMDs, and Mahogany Duns

Recommendedsummer

Silver Creek

Central Idaho / Sun Valley

Parachute Adams for Callibaetis and general mayfly activity

Recommendedsummer

Salmon River

Central Idaho

General mayfly pattern for PMDs and BWOs

summer

South Fork Boise River

Southwestern Idaho

Universal mayfly covering BWOs, PMDs, and March Browns

Recommendedfall

Deschutes River

Central Oregon

Effective during PMD hatches and general searching. Size 16-18.

Recommendedsummer

Crooked River

Central Oregon

BWO parachute for spring and fall hatches. Size 18-20.

Recommendedspring

Metolius River

Central Oregon (Cascades)

The most important dry fly, covering BWOs year-round. Size 16-20.

Recommendedspring

McKenzie River

Willamette Valley / Cascades

All-purpose mayfly pattern. Covers PMDs, BWOs, and general searching.

Recommendedsummer

Owyhee River

Southeastern Oregon

BWO parachute. Year-round essential. Size 18-22.

Recommendedspring

Methow River

North Central Washington, Okanogan County

All-purpose mayfly dry for PMDs, BWOs, and Mahogany Duns

Recommendedsummer

Skagit River

Northwest Washington, Skagit County

Parachute Adams for upper river trout during summer mayfly hatches

Recommendedsummer

Klickitat River

South Central Washington, Klickitat County

All-purpose mayfly dry for upper river trout

summer

Rocky Ford Creek

Central Washington, Grant County

Callibaetis dry fly imitation during summer hatches. Size 14-16

Recommendedsummer

Lower Sacramento River

Northern California / Shasta County

Universal mayfly pattern for BWO and PMD hatches

Recommendedsummer

McCloud River

Northern California / Shasta County

Universal attractor dry; works year-round

Recommendedsummer

Hat Creek

Northern California / Shasta County

Hex patterns size 8-12 during legendary Hex hatch

Recommendedsummer

Fall River

Northern California / Shasta County

Hex patterns for the legendary hatch; late June-July

Recommendedsummer

Upper Sacramento River

Northern California / Siskiyou and Shasta Counties

Universal attractor dry; works year-round

Recommendedsummer

Pit River

Northern California / Shasta County

Parachute Adams for BWO hatches

summer

Truckee River

Eastern Sierra / Nevada and Placer Counties

Universal mayfly pattern for BWO and PMD

Recommendedsummer

East Walker River

Eastern Sierra / Mono County

Parachute Adams for mayfly hatches

Recommendedsummer

Hot Creek

Eastern Sierra / Mono County

Parachute Adams for mayfly hatches

Recommendedsummer

Upper Klamath River

Northern California / Siskiyou County

Parachute Adams for resident trout BWO hatches

summer

Truckee River

Western Nevada / Washoe County

Universal mayfly imitation for BWO hatches

Recommendedspring

East Walker River

Western Nevada / Lyon County

Universal dry fly for BWO hatches

spring

East Fork Carson River

Western Nevada / Douglas County

Spring BWO dry fly

Recommendedspring

Jarbidge River

Northern Nevada / Elko County / Jarbidge Wilderness

Parachute Adams all-purpose dry

Recommendedsummer

Ruby Mountains / Lamoille Creek

Northern Nevada / Elko County / Ruby Mountains

Parachute Adams universal dry

Recommendedsummer

Bruneau River

Northern Nevada / Elko County

Parachute Adams for BWOs

Recommendedspring

Great Basin NP Streams

Eastern Nevada / White Pine County / Great Basin National Park

Parachute Adams all-purpose

Recommendedsummer

San Juan River

Northwestern New Mexico / San Juan County

Parachute Adams for BWO dry fly fishing, sizes 20-22

Recommendedspring

Rio Grande

Northern New Mexico / Taos County

Universal mayfly dry for BWO and March Brown hatches

Recommendedspring

Pecos River

North-Central New Mexico / San Miguel & Santa Fe Counties

Universal mayfly dry for BWO and general prospecting

Recommendedsummer

Rio Chama

North-Central New Mexico / Rio Arriba County

Parachute Adams for BWO and general mayfly hatches

Recommendedspring

Colorado River at Lees Ferry

Northern Arizona / Coconino County

Universal dry fly for BWO hatches

Recommendedspring

Oak Creek

Central Arizona / Oak Creek Canyon

Parachute Adams for BWO and general mayfly hatches

Recommendedspring

East Fork Black River

Eastern Arizona / White Mountains

Parachute Adams for small mayfly hatches

summer

Chevelon Creek

Central Arizona / Mogollon Rim

Parachute Adams for general mayfly hatches

summer

Davidson River

Western North Carolina / Pisgah National Forest

Universal dry fly for BWO and mayfly hatches in spring and fall

Recommendedspring

Tuckasegee River

Western North Carolina / Jackson County

Universal dry for BWO and mayfly hatches during Delayed Harvest

Recommendedspring

Nantahala River

Western North Carolina / Macon County

Versatile dry fly for BWO and small mayfly hatches

Recommendedspring

Watauga River

Northwestern North Carolina / Watauga County

Universal dry fly for BWO and mayfly hatches

Recommendedspring

Wilson Creek

Western North Carolina / Caldwell County

Universal dry for BWO and small mayfly hatches

Recommendedspring

Deep Creek

Western North Carolina / Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Universal dry fly for Smokies hatches

Recommendedspring

Linville River

Western North Carolina / Avery County

Versatile dry for BWO and small mayfly hatches

Recommendedspring

South Toe River

Western North Carolina / Yancey County

Universal dry fly for Delayed Harvest season

Recommendedspring

French Broad River

Western North Carolina / Asheville Area

Universal dry for upper trout sections

spring

Mitchell River

Northwestern North Carolina / Surry County

Universal dry for trout and smallmouth surface feeding

Recommendedspring

Upper Kennebec River

Western Maine / Somerset County

Parachute Adams in sizes 14-16 covers a range of mayfly hatches and works as a general searching pattern.

Recommendedsummer

West Branch Penobscot River

North-Central Maine / Piscataquis County

Parachute Adams in sizes 14-16 as a general dry fly searching pattern.

summer

Rapid River

Western Maine / Oxford County

Parachute Adams in sizes 14-16 as a versatile searching pattern for brook trout.

Recommendedsummer

Kennebago River

Western Maine / Franklin County

Parachute Adams in sizes 14-16 as a searching pattern on the upper river.

summer

Magalloway River

Western Maine / Oxford County

Parachute Adams in sizes 14-16 as a versatile dry fly searching pattern.

summer

Roach River

North-Central Maine / Piscataquis County

Parachute Adams in sizes 14-18 as a versatile dry fly for brook trout.

Recommendedsummer

Grand Lake Stream

Downeast Maine / Washington County

Parachute Adams in sizes 14-16 as a general dry fly searching pattern.

summer

Crooked River

Southern Maine / Cumberland and Oxford Counties

Parachute Adams in sizes 14-16 as a versatile dry fly for wild brook trout.

Recommendedsummer

Moose River (Jackman)

Northwestern Maine / Somerset County

Parachute Adams in sizes 14-16 for small-stream brook trout in the headwaters.

summer

East Outlet of the Kennebec River

North-Central Maine / Piscataquis County

Parachute Adams in sizes 14-16 as a general dry fly searching pattern.

summer

Androscoggin River

Northern White Mountains / Coos County

Versatile mayfly dry for Quill Gordons and general surface activity.

Recommendedspring

Upper Connecticut River

Connecticut Lakes Region / Pittsburg

General dry fly for Hendrickson and mayfly hatches. Size 12-14.

spring

Saco River

Mount Washington Valley / Carroll County

Match the legendary Gray Drake hatch. Size 10-12. Brings big browns up.

Recommendedsummer

Pemigewasset River

White Mountains / Grafton County

Versatile dry fly for Hendrickson and general mayfly hatches. Size 12-16.

Recommendedspring

Swift River

White Mountains / Kancamagus Highway

High-floating attractor for wild brook trout pocket water. Size 14-16.

Recommendedsummer

Ellis River

Mount Washington Valley / Carroll County

Versatile dry fly for Hendrickson and general mayfly activity. Size 14-16.

Recommendedspring

Ammonoosuc River

White Mountains / Grafton County

Versatile dry fly for Hendrickson and general hatches. Size 12-16.

Recommendedspring

Baker River

White Mountains / Grafton County

Universal dry fly for Hendrickson and general mayfly hatches. Size 12-16.

Recommendedspring

Mascoma River

Upper Valley / Grafton County

Parachute Adams for Hendrickson and general mayfly activity. Size 12-16.

Recommendedspring

Souhegan River

Southern New Hampshire / Hillsborough County

Versatile dry fly for Hendrickson and general mayfly activity. Size 12-16.

Recommendedspring

Battenkill River

Southern Vermont / Bennington County

Essential for Hendrickson hatch, the signature Battenkill experience. Size 12-14.

Recommendedspring

White River

Central Vermont / White River Valley

Universal mayfly pattern covering BWOs and other hatches. Size 14-18.

Recommendedspring

Winooski River

Northern Vermont / Chittenden County

Versatile mayfly dry fly for spring hatches.

Recommendedspring

Lamoille River

Northern Vermont / Lamoille County

Universal dry fly for spring mayfly hatches.

Recommendedspring

Dog River

Central Vermont / Washington County

Parachute Adams for mayfly hatches. Size 14-16.

Recommendedspring

Deerfield River (Upper)

Southern Vermont / Windham County

Parachute Adams for mayfly hatches.

spring

Walloomsac River

Southern Vermont / Bennington County

Universal dry fly for trophy section.

Recommendedspring

Mettawee River

Western Vermont / Rutland County

Universal mayfly pattern for beginner-friendly water.

Recommendedspring

Otter Creek

Western Vermont / Addison County

Universal dry fly for upper sections and tributaries.

Recommendedspring

New Haven River

Central Vermont / Addison County

Parachute Adams for Hendrickson and general mayfly hatches.

Recommendedspring

Penns Creek

Central Pennsylvania / Centre County

Universal dry fly for Green Drakes, Sulphurs, and BWOs

Recommendedspring

Spring Creek

Central Pennsylvania / Centre County

Parachute Adams for various mayfly hatches

spring

Little Juniata River

Central Pennsylvania / Blair County

Universal mayfly dry for various hatches

Recommendedspring

Spruce Creek

Central Pennsylvania / Huntingdon County

Parachute Adams for mayflies

spring

Big Fishing Creek

North Central Pennsylvania / Columbia County

Universal mayfly dry

Recommendedspring

Yellow Breeches Creek

South Central Pennsylvania / Cumberland County

Universal mayfly dry for various hatches

Recommendedspring

Big Spring Creek

South Central Pennsylvania / Cumberland County

Parachute Adams for mayflies

spring

Kettle Creek

North Central Pennsylvania / Clinton County

Universal dry fly for mayflies

Recommendedspring

Slate Run

North Central Pennsylvania / Lycoming County

Universal dry fly for brook trout

Recommendedspring

Tulpehocken Creek

Southeastern Pennsylvania / Berks County

Universal mayfly dry

Recommendedspring

Related Dry Fly Patterns

Elk Hair Caddis fly pattern
Dry Fly
springsummerfall

Elk Hair Caddis

Al Troth's iconic caddis imitation is a must-have on every Montana river. The elk hair wing provides excellent flotation, and the pattern effectively matches adult caddisflies throughout the season. Dead-drift, skate, or twitch it; all methods produce fish. The Elk Hair Caddis is one of those rare patterns that works from the moment caddisflies start appearing in spring through the last hatches of fall. The tent-shaped elk hair wing perfectly mimics the profile of a resting adult caddis, while the palmered hackle gives the fly exceptional buoyancy and creates the impression of legs touching the surface. Its durability is legendary; a well-tied Elk Hair Caddis can take dozens of fish before needing replacement. In Montana, caddis hatches are prolific on every major river. Mother's Day caddis hatches on the Yellowstone in late April and May are among the most anticipated events of the season. The Elk Hair Caddis is equally effective on the rock gardens of the Gallatin, the braided channels of the upper Madison, and the tailwater sections of the Missouri. Vary the body color between tan, olive, and green to match local populations.

Stimulator fly pattern
Dry Fly
summerfall

Stimulator

An outstanding attractor dry fly and stonefly imitation. The Stimulator excels as a top fly in a dry-dropper rig. Larger sizes (#6-8) match salmonflies and golden stones, while smaller sizes (#12-14) suggest various stoneflies and caddis. The Stimulator's genius lies in its buoyancy and suggestive profile. The combination of a heavily palmered hackle, elk hair wing, and robust body allows it to ride high on turbulent water where lesser flies would drown. The swept-back wing silhouette works as both a stonefly and large caddis imitation, making it effective even when no specific insect is hatching. Trout see the Stimulator and recognize it as a substantial, calorie-rich meal worth rising for. In Montana, the Stimulator truly shines during stonefly season on the Madison, Yellowstone, and Gallatin rivers. Tie on a size #6 orange Stimulator during the salmonfly hatch in late June and fish it tight to the banks. As summer progresses, switch to smaller sizes in yellow for golden stones. The Stimulator also serves as an excellent indicator fly for a heavy nymph dropper, especially when wading pocket water and riffles where it can be challenging to track a strike indicator.

Chubby Chernobyl fly pattern
Dry Fly
summerfall

Chubby Chernobyl

A modern foam attractor pattern that has become a Montana staple. Virtually unsinkable, the Chubby floats heavy nymph droppers and draws aggressive strikes from trout looking for a large, easy meal. Available in numerous colors. The Chubby Chernobyl represents the evolution of the foam hopper and stonefly genre. Its layered foam body creates a nearly indestructible fly that requires no floatant and rides high on even the roughest water. The rubber legs provide enticing movement, and the flash wing catches light in a way that grabs attention from trout holding deep. Whether tied in tan, purple, pink, or any other color, the Chubby simply produces fish. Montana guides have embraced the Chubby Chernobyl as their go-to dry-dropper indicator fly, and for good reason. It supports one or even two heavy nymphs without sinking, it is visible at long distances, and trout eat it with startling aggression. On the Madison, Yellowstone, and Gallatin rivers, more fish are likely caught with a Chubby on top than any other dry fly. Its effectiveness extends from early July through October, covering the heart of Montana's fishing season.

Purple Haze fly pattern
Dry Fly
springsummerfall

Purple Haze

A Montana-born variation of the Parachute Adams with purple dubbing. Created in the Gallatin Valley, this pattern has become a regional favorite that outperforms the standard Adams on many days, particularly during BWO and PMD hatches. The Purple Haze takes the proven Parachute Adams template and adds a subtle twist: a body of purple dubbing that seems to trigger something in trout that the standard gray does not. While purists may argue the color is unnatural, the results speak for themselves. Montana anglers have reported for years that the Purple Haze consistently outfishes the standard Adams, particularly on rivers that receive heavy fishing pressure. Theories about why the purple works vary. Some believe that the color more accurately represents the UV spectrum reflected by natural mayflies. Others suggest that the slightly different hue simply stands out enough on pressured water to be noticed without being refused. Whatever the reason, the Purple Haze has earned its place in the top tier of Montana dry flies. It is especially effective on the Gallatin, Madison, and Yellowstone rivers from late spring through early fall.

X-Caddis fly pattern
Dry Fly
springsummer

X-Caddis

Craig Mathews' brilliant caddis emerger pattern sits in the surface film, imitating a caddis struggling to break through the meniscus. Deadly during caddis hatches when fish refuse higher-riding patterns. The trailing shuck is key to its effectiveness. The X-Caddis fills a critical gap in the caddis life cycle that most fly boxes lack. While traditional dry flies like the Elk Hair Caddis ride high on the surface, the X-Caddis sits flush in the film with its body partially submerged and a trailing Z-lon shuck extending behind. This precisely imitates the moment when a caddis pupa breaks through the surface and begins to shed its pupal shuck, the most vulnerable stage for the insect and the moment when trout feed with the least caution. On Montana's caddis-rich rivers, the X-Caddis can make the difference between a frustrating day of refusals and a banner day of steady action. When you see trout rising during a caddis hatch but refusing your Elk Hair Caddis, the X-Caddis is the answer. It is particularly effective on the Yellowstone during the Mother's Day caddis hatch, on the Madison during summer evening hatches, and anywhere trout have become educated to conventional caddis patterns.

PMD Comparadun fly pattern
Dry Fly
summer

PMD Comparadun

A flush-floating mayfly imitation that excels during Pale Morning Dun hatches. The deer hair wing creates a realistic silhouette, and the pattern sits low in the film like a natural dun. Essential during PMD hatches on the Missouri and Madison. The Comparadun design is one of the most elegant solutions in dry fly fishing. By using a fan-shaped deer hair wing instead of traditional hackle, the fly sits directly on the water surface with its body in the film. This creates a silhouette that is nearly indistinguishable from a natural mayfly dun when viewed from below, exactly the perspective that matters to a feeding trout. The PMD version, tied in pale yellow and olive, is one of the most important patterns for Montana's prolific Pale Morning Dun hatches. PMD hatches on Montana's premier rivers are events that every serious fly angler should experience. On the Missouri River below Holter Dam, PMD hatches from late June through August produce some of the best dry fly fishing in North America. The Madison River's upper sections also host excellent PMD activity. During these hatches, trout can become excruciatingly selective, and the low-riding Comparadun is often the pattern that cracks the code when parachute and traditional dun patterns fail.